The art of encryption, called cryptography, is the way information is secured. Cryptography is primarily the question of: How can Alice send critical information to Bob without Eve being able to decode it? Before the Internet, history has seen many clever ways to encode and send information, followed by clever ways to decipher. Cryptography has also been a powerful force for technological progress: Alan Turing, the father of computer science, was a codebreaker in World War II.
As computers connected to form the early Internet, the network was built to withstand nuclear…
